Construction and crystallization regulation of an all-green solvent system based on DEF/DMSO

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Chinese explanation / 中文解读

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Original abstract

Abstract Photovoltaic technology is crucial for the utilization of clean energy, and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a promising next-generation photovoltaic platform. The development of lead-free systems is essential for realizing environmentally friendly applications. Tin-based perovskites are attractive lead-free candidates; however, their fabrication relies on toxic solvents and suffers from uncontrollable crystallization, leading to high defect densities and low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). This study addresses the toxicity and crystallization challenges through a green solvent strategy. By using the green, weakly coordinating solvent N,N-diethylformamide (DEF) instead of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in combination with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the green antisolvent diethyl carbonate (DEC), we achieve an all-green solvent system, yielding a champion PCE of 8.70%. The weak coordination effect optimizes crystallization, reduces deep-level defects, suppresses non-radiative recombination, and prolongs carrier lifetime. This work reveals the regulatory mechanism of green solvents on the crystallization and carrier dynamics of tin-based perovskites, providing a reliable route toward efficient and sustainable lead-free PSCs.

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