Design and Analysis of an Intelligent Hysteresis Control Scheme for Voltage Stability in Hybrid Renewable DC Microgrids

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Chinese explanation / 中文解读

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Original abstract

This paper presents the design and analysis of an Intelligent Hysteresis Control (IHC) scheme for voltage stability in a hybrid renewable DC Microgrid integrating solar photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, and lithium-ion battery storage. The proposed IHC dynamically adjusts its switching thresholds in real time based on three key system variables: the rate of change of load current (dI_load/dt), battery state-of-charge (SoC), and renewable power gradient (dP_re/dt). Unlike conventional fixed-band hysteresis or proportional-integral (PI) controllers, the IHC incorporates an adaptive hysteresis band, a rule-based decision matrix for edge conditions, dedicated battery protection logic, and an auto-recovery DC circuit breaker mechanism. MATLAB/Simulink-based simulations over a 12-second test sequence comprising seven distinct disturbance events demonstrate that the IHC maintains DC bus voltage within ±2.5% of the 380 V nominal under all tested conditions, achieves a steady-state battery switching frequency below 10 Hz, sustains an idle-mode duty cycle of approximately 68%, and enables full system recovery within 20 ms after fault clearance. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional fixed-hysteresis and PID-based approaches in voltage deviation, battery lifecycle protection, and component stress reduction, making it well suited for autonomous, high-renewable-penetration DC micro grid applications

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