Design and Development of Microgrid Monitoring and Controlling Using PLC

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Original abstract

Background Existing small-scale microgrid systems often suffer from unstable renewable energy management, inefficient source switching, and lack of real-time monitoring. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents the design and implementation of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-based monitoring and control system integrating renewable and non-renewable energy sources for reliable microgrid operation. The proposed system incorporates solar photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, and an AC backup supply to ensure continuous power availability under varying operating conditions. Materials and Methods The developed hardware system utilizes real-time sensing and data acquisition through an ESP32 controller and Mitsubishi PLC for intelligent monitoring and control of power flow. Power conditioning units including buck and boost converters are used for efficient voltage regulation and battery charging. The PLC-based control strategy performs automatic source switching, battery monitoring, and protection operations to improve system stability and energy utilization. Results Experimental analysis demonstrates stable voltage regulation within ±3%, converter efficiency of approximately 89%, and automatic source switching delay of nearly 120 ms. The implemented system successfully maintains reliable operation under varying renewable generation conditions and load demands. Conclusion The proposed approach provides a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient solution for residential, industrial, and rural smart microgrid applications.

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