Solar energy paper index
Dilatonic states, phase transitions, and criticality in holography
One-line summary
A solar energy research paper on Dilatonic states, phase transitions, and criticality in holography.
Engineering notes
Engineering notes will be added by the Power for Solar editorial team.
Chinese explanation / 中文解读
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Original abstract
The dilaton is the hypothetical scalar particle associated with spontaneous breaking of approximate scale invariance. It has been predicted to arise dynamically, as a bound state, in special extensions of the standard model of particle physics based on composite dynamics. In confining gauge theories, generic arguments suggest that the scale of explicit symmetry breaking coincides with the confinement scale, that governs also its spontaneous breaking, by setting the size of all the condensates, as well as the masses of bound states and their excitations. Whether a light dilaton can nevertheless exist in such a context is an open question in quantum field theory, answering which has potentially transformative implications from a conceptual viewpoint, besides having striking phenomenological ramifications. It has been suggested that the mass of the dilaton might be suppressed, in respect to the confinement scale, in the special case in which the underlying strongly coupled dynamics undergoes a zero-temperature (weak) phase transition. Identifying the special conditions under which this happens is the subject of ongoing investigations. A dedicated programme of exploration, carried out within the context of gauge-gravity dualities (holography), has been set up to test the viability of this mechanism. We review the relevant technology within holography, and the status of such a programme, by comparing results obtained in a survey of explicit examples. We do so both within the bottom-up, simplified version of gauge-gravity dualities, but also within the more refined, and complete, top-down approach to holography, in which the gravity theory is known to have a more fundamental origin. We highlight the first examples of confining theories in which a parametrically light holographic dilaton forms as a bound state in a region of parameter space in proximity to a critical point of the field theory.
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