Dynamic Thermo-Opto-Electro Digital Twin Framework for Robustness-Aware Design and Limit Analysis of CZTSSe Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Engineering notes

Engineering notes will be added by the Power for Solar editorial team.

Chinese explanation / 中文解读

中文解读待补充：本站会优先为光伏效率、钙钛矿太阳能电池、储能技术、太阳能热利用、BIPV、并网技术等高价值论文补充中文说明。

Original abstract

Abstract Kesterite (CZTSSe) photovoltaics offer a promising energy route, but current efficiencies of 14.3% are limited by voltage deficits (>0.5 V) and thermal degradation, falling short of the 22.7% Trap-Limited Conversion (TLC) limit. This value is significantly below the ideal Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit (>32%), reflecting intrinsic defect-induced constraints in kesterite absorbers. Present-day computational tools often uncouple opto-thermal-electrical dynamics and do not represent realistic stress factors. To address this limitation, we introduce a thermo-opto-electrical digital twin of CZTSSe devices. Validated against temperature-dependent J-V(T) measurements (280-400 K) and benchmarked against standard drift-diffusion simulations, the framework accurately tracks transient physical behaviors. We introduce the Thermo-Opto-Electrical Robustness Index (TOERI), which better predicts the non-linear efficiency collapse of flawed absorbers at high temperatures (>340 K) than linear temperature coefficients. By systematically decoupling macroscopic device losses, the model establishes a definitive hierarchy: while Shockley-Read-Hall non-radiative recombination (primary Voc deficit) is the fundamental limitation, resistive losses at the non-ideal MoSe₂ back contact (Rs) constitute a critical secondary bottleneck, suppressing the fill factor. With physically bounded predictive optimization (simulation) of the theoretical optimum for a thin MoSe2 interface, the digital twin demonstrates an achievable peak efficiency of 21.8% (Voc = 0.760 V, Jsc = 37.49 mA/cm 2, FF = 76.5%). This rigorously validated framework provides a predictive blueprint to engineer robustness-aware, next-generation CZTSSe photovoltaics exceeding 20% efficiency.

Links and sources

Comments