Solar energy paper index
Enhanced Swarm Intelligence-based Framework for Optimization of Overcurrent Relay Coordination
One-line summary
A solar energy research paper on Enhanced Swarm Intelligence-based Framework for Optimization of Overcurrent Relay Coordination.
Engineering notes
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Chinese explanation / 中文解读
中文解读待补充：本站会优先为光伏效率、钙钛矿太阳能电池、储能技术、太阳能热利用、BIPV、并网技术等高价值论文补充中文说明。
Original abstract
This paper proposes a unified swarm intelligence framework for optimal overcurrent relay (OCR) coordination under the IEC Standard Inverse (SI-IEC) characteristic, selected as the primary optimization target based on a ten-family IDMT baseline characterisation.The problem is formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization model with coordination time interval (CTI ≥ 0.3 s) enforced via a hybrid constraint-handling strategy combining boundary control, adaptive penalties, and feasibility repair.Four algorithms (PSO, ABC, ACO, GWO) and their adaptive variants are evaluated on an IEEE 8-bus system under identical conditions.Results show that adaptive mechanisms significantly improve performance, achieving up to 38.64% reduction in total operating time (4.558 s to 2.797 s).The best method (GWO-M) attains the highest convergence rate (96.7%), fastest convergence (44.5% iterations), and lowest variability (σ = 0.055 s), while satisfying all coordination constraints.The benchmarking results further confirm that GWO-M demonstrates competitive performance with recent post-2024 methods under comparable evaluation conditions.
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