Evaluating the Development Performance of Provincial Integrated Wind–Solar–Hydrogen Systems in China: An Entropy-Weight–TOPSIS and Grey Relational Analysis Approach

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Chinese explanation / 中文解读

中文解读待补充：本站会优先为光伏效率、钙钛矿太阳能电池、储能技术、太阳能热利用、BIPV、并网技术等高价值论文补充中文说明。

Original abstract

Wind and solar power are expanding rapidly across China, yet their performance as an integrated system with green hydrogen production differs substantially from province to province. This paper examines 30 Chinese provinces over 2015–2023 by developing a nine-indicator evaluation framework organised into three dimensions: basic resource potential, economic competitiveness, and integrated system effectiveness. Indicator weights are determined objectively using the entropy weight method, which assigns greater importance to variables that show stronger interprovincial variation. Provincial scores and rankings are then produced via TOPSIS, and the stability of those rankings is confirmed through grey relational analysis. K-means clustering subsequently groups all 30 provinces into four development archetypes. A key empirical insight is that resource-rich provinces do not automatically achieve high overall scores; grid infrastructure maturity, local power-absorption capacity, and hydrogen production cost turn out to be equally decisive. The four provincial patterns identified—resource-led, market-coordinated, industry-driven, and bottleneck-constrained—each call for different policy responses. (Word count: 157)

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