Green-Synthesized ZnCo₂O₄ Nanoparticles Derived from Foeniculum vulgare Seed Extract Exhibit Potent In Vitro Anticancer Activity

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Chinese explanation / 中文解读

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Original abstract

Abstract Green synthesis techniques provide an efficient and cost-effective method for synthesizing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, Foeniculum vulgare seed extract was used to synthesize ZnCo2O4 NPs in an environmentally friendly manner. Synthesized ZnCo2O4 NPs were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS. Their anticancer activity was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay against human breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2), and acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) tumor cell lines. The results showed that ZnCo₂O₄ NPs obtained from F. vulgare seed extract had significant cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, HepG2, and THP-1 cell lines at different concentrations (2.5 -100 µg/mL). IC50 values were determined for all three celllines. An qRT-PCR analysis examined specific targets, including HIF-1α, HER2, CDK1, Cyclin B1, and Survivin, which are key genes modulating the cell cycle. HIF-1α is a transcriptional factor and regulates many genes including genes involved in cell cycle analysis. The results revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expression levels. Molecular docking analysis revealed the strong binding affinities of ZnCo2O4 NPs to selected protein targets HIF-1α and HER2 (-13.4 kcal/mol and -9.7 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that ZnCo2O4 NPs could serve as potent anticancer therapeutic agents.

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