Integration of Electric Charging Stations into Sustainable and Renewable Energy: A Case Study

Engineering notes

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Chinese explanation / 中文解读

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Original abstract

This study evaluates the potential for sustainably operating the Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in Bitlis Province through a wind-solar hybrid generation system complemented by an 8 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), using a representative charging site as a detailed case study. Following the development of a spatial and technical inventory of EV charging stations across the province, a station strategically located on an intercity transit corridor was selected for in-depth analysis. To this end, the demand profile was modeled on a monthly basis by accounting for the national EV penetration rate, seasonal charging frequency, and alternative charging scenarios. On the supply side, the seasonal variability of wind and solar resources was simulated at high temporal resolution using local meteorological data. The analyses indicate that single-source solutions may conflict with the objective of service continuity under the conditions prevailing in Bitlis, potentially leading to significant unmet demand during resource-scarce periods. By contrast, a hybrid wind-solar configuration, when coupled with appropriately sized storage, can render the charging infrastructure technically and operationally sustainable, achieving full year-round service continuity. In this context, a configuration comprising 10 kW of wind capacity and 5 kW of solar is proposed. Under this configuration, the lowest monthly generation is 1,315.6 kWh in November, while the highest is 7,027 kWh in March. The maximum battery storage requirement of approximately 7,134 kWh was identified, leading to the recommendation of an 8 MWh BESS to ensure uninterrupted year-round EV charging service. The system meets an average monthly demand of approximately 2,500 kWh, with surplus energy stored during high production months and deficits covered during low production periods. The cumulative energy balance indicates a surplus of 788 kWh by the end of the year, which can be utilized for emergencies or other operational needs. The study provides a transferable planning framework for regions with similar infrastructural and meteorological characteristics, demonstrating the quantitative impact of local resource integration on EV charging infrastructure resilience.

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