Solar energy paper index
Intelligent adaptive frequency regulation of interconnected power networks under renewable uncertainty and time delays
One-line summary
A solar energy research paper on Intelligent adaptive frequency regulation of interconnected power networks under renewable uncertainty and time delays.
Engineering notes
Engineering notes will be added by the Power for Solar editorial team.
Chinese explanation / 中文解读
中文解读待补充：本站会优先为光伏效率、钙钛矿太阳能电池、储能技术、太阳能热利用、BIPV、并网技术等高价值论文补充中文说明。
Original abstract
This paper proposes a novel adaptive control framework for load frequency regulation (LFC) in modern power systems with renewable energy integration and communication delays. A Single Perceptron Proportional-Integral (SPPI) controller optimized using Harmony Search (HS) is designed for single-area systems, while a cascaded SPPI-PID structure is developed for two-area networks. Unlike conventional fixed-parameter controllers, the proposed approach adapts online to varying operating conditions and disturbances. Simulation studies under step load changes, random load variations, and wind power fluctuations demonstrate superior performance of the proposed controllers. For single-area systems, the SPPI controller achieves overshoot as low as [Formula: see text], settling times between 9 and 21 s, and IAE ranging from 0.00176 to 0.312. In two-area systems, the cascaded SPPI-PID controller reduces peak-to-peak deviations to [Formula: see text], with settling times from 3 to 109 s and IAE values between 0.00115 and 0.1854. A sensitivity analysis with ± 20% variations in inertia, load damping, and governor speed regulation confirms the robustness of the proposed approach. A frequency-domain robustness analysis using Bode plots further verifies satisfactory stability margins. In addition, a real-time validation has been performed to further confirm the practical applicability and real-world performance of the proposed control framework under realistic operating conditions. These results indicate that the HS-optimized SPPI and cascaded SPPI-PID controllers provide an effective, reliable, and robust solution for frequency regulation in modern interconnected power systems.
Links and sources
Need this topic turned into a technical roadmap?
Power for Solar can prepare a custom solar energy literature review, simulation code map, dataset map, and B2B photovoltaic technology assessment.
Request B2B research
Comments