Minimum Dyson Swarm and Engineering Design of Stellar Energy Extraction

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Chinese explanation / 中文解读

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Original abstract

Based on the universal self-adjoint operator framework and ambient-pressure high-temperature superconductor technology, we present the first engineering-feasible design of a minimum Dyson swarm. We demonstrate that the strong gravitational field and intense radiation field of a star coherently amplify the surrounding vacuum fluctuation spectrum, forming an additional energy flux that can be efficiently extracted by superconducting quantum collectors. Combined with direct photovoltaic conversion, the comprehensive energy collection efficiency far exceeds the Shockley-Queisser limit of conventional solar cells. We prove that Mercury is the optimal construction site in the Solar System, with all required raw materials available via in-situ resource utilization. We design a minimum Dyson swarm consisting of 1 million 1-square-kilometer superconducting collector satellites deployed in Mercury orbit, with a total collection power of approximately \(7.2 \times 10^{15}\) W, equivalent to nearly 400 times the current global annual primary energy consumption. We further propose a curvature-modulated wireless power transmission scheme that greatly reduces long-distance diffraction loss and enables low-loss energy delivery throughout the Solar System. This work provides a viable technical path for human civilization to upgrade from a planetary civilization to a stellar civilization. Keywords: Dyson swarm; stellar energy extraction; quantum vacuum energy; high-temperature superconductor; wireless power transmission; self-adjoint operator; interstellar civilization; in-situ resource utilization MSC 2020 Classification: 85A05; 47B25; 81Q10; 83C05; 78A55; 74F10

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