Solar energy paper index
Particle Production from Inhomogeneities: the off-shell side of gravitational waves
One-line summary
A solar energy research paper on Particle Production from Inhomogeneities: the off-shell side of gravitational waves.
Engineering notes
Engineering notes will be added by the Power for Solar editorial team.
Chinese explanation / 中文解读
中文解读待补充：本站会优先为光伏效率、钙钛矿太阳能电池、储能技术、太阳能热利用、BIPV、并网技术等高价值论文补充中文说明。
Original abstract
We continue the study of particle production from gravitational inhomogeneities in the early Universe. Focusing on sources active on sub-horizon scales, we derive general expressions relating particle production to the unequal-time two-point function of the stress-energy tensor sourcing scalar, vector and tensor metric perturbations. The resulting particle yield probes the time-like support of this correlator, and in the tensor case the same object controls gravitational wave emission when evaluated on the light-like support. This establishes a phenomenological link between dark matter production and gravitational wave signals, allowing the dark matter mass to be related to the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational wave background. Our results show that, on sub-horizon scales, particle production from inhomogeneous metric backgrounds practically reduces to gravitational scattering. This directly connects the formalism to gravitational freeze-in from the Standard Model thermal bath, while extending it to non-thermal and out of equilibrium sources. We apply the formalism to first order phase transitions and discuss the associated production from scalar and tensor perturbations. The mechanism can efficiently populate gravitationally coupled dark sectors, especially when the perturbations are generated shortly after inflation.
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