Performance improvement of low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites for solar cells from photophysical response to inter-phase transport and stability

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Chinese explanation / 中文解读

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Original abstract

Addressing the toxicity of lead-based perovskites, tin (Sn)-based perovskites have emerged as the most promising eco-friendly alternative for photovoltaic applications. Despite persistent challenges from Sn(II) oxidation and instability, low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites offer unique structural advantages and tunable bandgaps for performance enhancement. This review surveys recent advances in synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and stability engineering, focusing on their role as functional additives or light-harvesting layers. We detail how low-dimensional motifs stabilize the cubic phase and improve film quality via reaction parameters. Furthermore, we examine interface optimization and multidimensional integration strategies to boost carrier mobility and suppress recombination. Highlighting defect suppression approaches, including B-site doping, passivation, and solvent engineering, we also demonstrate their efficacy in inhibiting oxidation. Finally, we outline current limitations and future directions toward efficient, long-term stable lead-free solar cells. Tin based perovskites have emerged as the most promising eco-friendly alternative to lead-based perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Here, the authors summarize advances in tin-based perovskites for improved performance, stability, and oxidation resistance, and outline future directions for efficient lead-free solar cells.

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