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Revised orbital parameters of the gamma2 Velorum system
One-line summary
A solar energy research paper on Revised orbital parameters of the gamma2 Velorum system.
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Chinese explanation / 中文解读
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Original abstract
Context. gamma2 Velorum is the closest and visually brightest Wolf-Rayet binary system. Its eccentric orbit modulates the X-rays observed from the wind-wind interaction, and its large separation allows for spatially resolving both components. Aims. We aim to strengthen the constraints on gamma2 Velorum's properties and, in particular, solve the discrepancy between the eccentricity determined from the emission lines and that from the absorption lines. Methods. We obtained VLT/GRAVITY observations and combined them with earlier spatially-resolved data at different orbital phases. Results. Strong constraints on all orbital parameters were determined and, in particular, we find that e=0.322, close to what was derived from the emission lines. The X-ray light curve declines as s to power -3 after periastron, where s is the separation of the two stars, but its modulation is likely affected by absorption and occultation of the X-ray emitting region at other orbital phases. We find that previous discrepancies in the reddening value can be traced to a brighter K-band magnitude than that predicted by the WR wind models. We conclude E(B-V)=0.02+-0.02 mag. Our now more precise mass and radius values combined with previously determined effective temperatures provide very strong constraints on evolutionary models. The closest match for the O-star is provided by an initial mass M=28.7 Mo rotationally mixed model and a M=32 Mo model for the WR star, with negligible accretion onto the O-star during the WR progenitor's Roche Lobe overflow phase. However, the temperature of the O star is higher and the mass of the WR star is found to be smaller than predicted by the evolutionary tracks for the current epoch, consistent with the well-known "mass-discrepancy problem" in massive stars.
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