Synthesis of a Butterfly‐Shaped π‐Extended Dibenzazepine and Its Application in Interfacial Engineering for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Engineering notes

Engineering notes will be added by the Power for Solar editorial team.

Chinese explanation / 中文解读

中文解读待补充：本站会优先为光伏效率、钙钛矿太阳能电池、储能技术、太阳能热利用、BIPV、并网技术等高价值论文补充中文说明。

Original abstract

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are key interfacial modifiers for inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs), yet their design is often constrained by a trade-off between suppressing molecular aggregation and maintaining efficient charge transport. Here we introduce a π-extended nonplanar molecular design to decouple interfacial morphology control from electronic coupling. Two tetracene-fused SAM molecules, tetraceno-fused carbazole phosphonic acid (PATCz) and tetraceno-fused dibenzazepine phosphonic acid (PATDBAz), were synthesized via dehydrocyclization. While PATCz forms a helicene-like twisted structure, PATDBAz adopts a butterfly-shaped nonplanar geometry that enables Butterfly-shaped π-extended "wings" to form effective intermolecular π-π stacking while preventing excessive aggregation. This structural feature promotes ordered interfacial assembly, improved energy-level alignment, and efficient hole transport. Consequently, PATDBAz-based IPSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.47% and retain 97.5% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h under International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability light-soaking level 1 (ISOS-L-1) conditions. This work highlights π-extended nonplanar frameworks as an effective strategy for designing high-performance SAMs in perovskite photovoltaics.

Links and sources

Comments